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World leaders pay tribute to victims as Israel marks three years since 7 October attack by Hamas – live

In London, police have arrested five people at a student pro-Palestine demonstration on the anniversary of the 7 October attacks. Despite calls for a ban or for the protest to be moved to a different date, about 100 people marched and chanted “free free Palestine” and “free the people, free the land” in central London, with a group holding a banner reading: “Holocaust survivor descendants against Gaza genocide”, the PA news agency reported. Students from the University of London Coalition umbrella group demonstrated against what they said was complicity by the UK government, universities and businesses in Israel’s genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. Counter protesters holding Israeli flags also gathered by Russell Square, shouting “scumbags” at the pro-Palestine protesters and chanting “terrorist supporters off our streets”. The Metropolitan police said: “Earlier this morning, officers made arrests at a spontaneous protest outside the Board of Deputies in Camden. “Five people were arrested for inciting racial hatred, involving allegedly shouting or chanting slogans calling for intifada. They remain in police custody. The protest in Camden has now ended.” The pro-Palestine march has been labelled “shameful” by defence secretary Wes Streeting, while education secretary Lucy Powell urged students “to show compassion and protest on another day”. The Board of Deputies of British Jews is expected to hold a vigil in Richmond Terrace, just off Whitehall, later today.

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Russia ‘pursuing strategy of terror’, EU’s von der Leyen says after deadly strikes on Ukraine – Europe live

Ukraine’s agriculture minister said his country would not agree to EU membership if that would entail permanent restrictions on farm subsidies and exports of agricultural products. The response comes a day after the European Commission proposed a special arrangement that would limit financial support and restrict exports, such as wheat, from Ukraine. “Transitional periods are a normal part of EU enlargement... Permanent restrictions on access to the single market are an entirely different matter,” Taras Vysotsky said in a statement to AFP. “Ukraine cannot agree to such an approach.” The government in Kyiv had not yet received any official proposal, which is due to be discussed by EU leaders at a summit next week, he added.

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‘Now is the moment’: housing activists at Madrid encampment pin wary hopes on Spain’s early election

At a makeshift lunch counter tucked within a maze of tents at a housing protest camp in Madrid, Sélpide San Luis pointed to the dizzying pace of change. “We built a city in a week,” said the 26-year-old, whose videos documenting day-to-day life at the encampment have attracted tens of thousands of views on social media, as she pointed to the more than 1,200 tents set up in the central Puerta del Sol square. “We have urban planning, the streets have names and we’ve put surveillance systems in place. And thanks to what we’re doing here, media have not stopped talking about the issue of housing – something that we’ve been trying to get on the agenda for so long.” This week marked another significant moment for the impromptu movement. After days of protests and encampments that have sprouted up across the country after the eviction from of 87-year-old Maricarmen Abascal from her home, the country’s Socialist prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, announced a snap general election in response to rightwing parties torpedoing emergency legislation to tackle the housing crisis. Housing campaigners vowed to keep up the pressure. “The power of the people has ushered in a new era,” said Alicia del Río of the Madrid Tenants’ Union, as she floated plans for a general strike in November. “An election campaign is now beginning that will be deeply shaped by the housing issue. So we ask the members of parliament, are you going to introduce the measures that people are demanding – ones demanded by the majority of voters across all parties – or are you going to continue to be the lackeys of the rentier economy?” The election – which did not have to held until August 2027 - is a high-stakes gamble for Sánchez. Polls suggest the most likely outcome will be a rightwing coalition between the People’s party and the far-right, anti-immigration Vox party. But as anger seethes over rents that have surged 80% in a decade and housing costs that have risen by 63%, the protests also present Sánchez with an opportunity to keep his leftwing coalition in power. “Bringing forward the elections is risky. But there’s also a feeling of ‘now is the moment,” said Antonio Prieto, 36, as he and other volunteers transformed the steady stream of food donations into lunch for those at the Madrid camp. “If we had waited until 2027, the right and far right would have crushed us. And now, at least with this momentum, putting the focus on housing, we can have a tiny bit of hope.” Prieto was among the many closely watching the parties to the left of the Socialists, hoping they will unite to form a broad front before the election. “I’m hopeful that what we’re doing has really got through, so that parties on the left realise that this is a big issue and they start working on real solutions,” he said. The eviction of Abascal, a wheelchair user who was carried from the home she had lived in for more than seven decades on a stretcher, catapulted the long-simmering frustration over the deepening housing crisis into public view. It cast a spotlight on the intense competition for housing across Spain, one that pits local people against tourists lets, investment funds and short-term rentals. As a wave of outrage swept the country, the investment firm that bought Abascal’s home said she could return home without paying the 230% rent hike they had reportedly demanded. But the protests and encampments have continued to gain strength as people demand change. Prieto described them as a “moral duty”, given that the Spanish constitution recognises the right to “decent and adequate housing” for all. “What we’re seeing is a systematic violation of the constitution … So we have to be here,” he said. The growing tent city has had visitors too – some to snap photos, others to ask questions and some to provoke. But the vast majority express their support, said Juan Vázquez of the Housing Union of Carabanchel, a district in the south of Madrid. “People of all ages have stopped by to wish us strength, bring us water and food, and tell us to keep going,” he said. The challenge now is to translate the groundswell of support into concrete change. “On the one hand we have a rightwing that pursues policies of misery and directly attacks the working class,” Vázquez said. “But on the other hand, Sánchez and his government have not gone after the profits that speculative rentiers make from our misery.” He described the coming weeks, as people across Spain prepare to vote, as crucial. “Basically, what we want is to channel all this energy so that it doesn’t just remain a footnote in a week-long encampment — to organise, apply pressure and secure our rights. We know that the organisation of the working class is the only means of looking after our interests.” The scale of the protests has hopefully made it clear to everyone just what was at stake, said Jorge Rubio, 27. “If you don’t vote, the impact could be huge. You could end up without a place to live,” he said, citing rooms for rent that had surged from €180 to €700 (£150 to £600) a month in six years. “It’s crazy. It’s not viable. We’re all affected by this,” he said. He was among the many hoping the movement would go further. “Housing is not just a problem here, it’s a European problem. The revolution needs to reach them too.”

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French police suspend use of stun grenades after high school protester loses hand

France is suspending the use of stun grenades by police at high school demonstrations, the interior minister has said, amid mounting accusations of police brutality during a fortnight of protests marred by often violent clashes that have injured hundreds. Laurent Nuñez told RTL radio on Wednesday that he had ordered a temporary halt to the use of the grenades “in the context of the high school students’ movement” after a 15-year-old lost a hand during a protest in Lens, northern France, on Monday. Authorities have not confirmed the exact circumstances – in particular, whether the boy had picked up the grenade or been struck by it – but said up to 200 protesters had been hurling projectiles at police when the riot squad intervened. Nuñez said he was suspending use of the grenades “until we know exactly what happened”. The boy’s mother said on Wednesday that her son’s hand had been amputated. She told BFMTV: “His life has been stolen. He’s a 15-year-old kid, how can children be treated like that?” She said her son had not tried to pick up the grenade. The education ministry said classes had been wholly or partially suspended in 429 of the country’s 3,700 lycées – high schools attended by pupils aged between 15 and 18 – on Wednesday, a significantly lower number than on Tuesday. However, 80 university campuses, including the prestigious Sciences Po in Paris, were being blockaded by students on Wednesday, student unions said, and several teachers’ unions called for strike action on Thursday. At least 215 teenagers and 85 school staff have been injured since the start of the protests over chronic teacher shortages, crowded classes, dilapidated buildings and long school days. About 750 police offers have also been injured. Nuñez said 18 internal police investigations had been launched over allegations of brutality during the demonstrations, including one incident in which a young protester lost multiple teeth and another in which a student lost the use of an eye. He said inquiries were always opened over accusations of “non-proportional” policing, but he insisted officers were there to protect the students. Rights groups and trades unions have repeatedly accused the police of using unnecessary force. On Tuesday at least 250,000 pupils, parents, teachers and unionists took to the streets in cities across France on the biggest day yet of the campaign, prompting the president, Emmanuel Macron, to hold an emergency cabinet meeting. Most marches passed off without serious incident but some, including in Paris, ended in sporadic vandalism and running skirmishes with riot police, with officers firing teargas and carrying out baton charges to disperse protesters. The prime minister, Sébastien Lecornu, is due to make a speech on Wednesday on the demonstrations as well as the dire state of the country’s finances, which is severely constraining the government’s capacity to act on the protesters’ demands. Lecornu on Tuesday condemned the violence and told parliament it could not be tolerated, while also rejecting accusations that the government had ordered “police repression” against the protesters. Over the past fortnight, demonstrators have set dustbins on fire outside their schools, destroyed bus shelters and hurled projectiles at riot police, who have responded using batons, teargas and riot-control rounds. Twenty-four schools have been burned or ransacked, while more than 6,500 people have been arrested, almost all of them minors. More than 1,800 are being prosecuted, nearly 1,500 of them under 18, the justice ministry has said. Anne Savinel-Barras, the president of Amnesty France, said earlier this week that images and testimony from the protests “raise alarming concerns about the dangerous use of teargas, batons and policing techniques”. The protests, months before key presidential elections to choose Macron’s successor, have rattled a government trying to reduce a ballooning budget deficit amid mounting investor concern over France’s sky-high debt and weak economic growth. They have also sparked a heated political row, with the government accusing the radical-left La France Insoumise party of encouraging and even orchestrating the movement after numerous LFI MPs attended school blockades. The party’s veteran leader and presidential candidate, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, has strongly supported the protests while urging non-violence.

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Flávio Bolsonaro’s advance in Brazil’s election is grim jolt for climate campaigners

More fire, more ash, more crime, more death. And a globally important ecosystem driven ever more rapidly towards a point of no return. That is the prospect for the Amazon rainforest for at least the next four years if Flávio Bolsonaro holds on to the lead he established this week in the first round of Brazil’s presidential election. This appears to be of far more concern to the outside world than to voters in Latin America’s biggest, richest and most biodiverse nation. The far-right son of the former president and jailed coup-monger Jair Bolsonaro won 47% of the vote, putting him in pole position before the 25 October runoff with the incumbent, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who was backed by 44.2%. The result is an unnerving jolt to climate and nature campaigners. Taken out of context, this appears to be a vote against the forest. The current administration of Lula (as the veteran Brazilian president is best known) has reduced deforestation in the Amazon by almost 50%. But that success secured little noticeable electoral traction for either Lula or pro-forest candidates in other polls held the same day. The former environment minister Marina Silva lost a bid for the Senate and Joenia Wapichana, a former head of Brazil’s Indigenous affairs agency, Funai, failed to win a seat in Congress. Out of 57 Indigenous candidates, only two won. Flávio Bolsonaro is the heir to the political legacy of his father, Jair Bolsonaro, a former army captain whose four years in power resulted in a 59.5% increase in Amazon deforestation, roughly equivalent to destroying 2bn trees. If he wins, Bolsonaro has promised to free his father, who was imprisoned for plotting a military coup and attempting to annihilate democracy in Brazil. He has said that his father could have any position he wants in his administration. Flávio Bolsonaro has shown that he will be just as willing as his father to dismantle protections for climate and nature and allow illegal miners, loggers and land grabbers to invade Indigenous territories. As a lawmaker, he backed a 2019 bill to eliminate requirements for landowners in the Amazon to conserve a proportion of native vegetation. In his manifesto, he completely ignored the climate crisis. And he has courted support from some of the most predatory landowners in the rainforest. He is also part of a movement – Bolsonarism – that is geared towards maximising profits for extractive industries regardless of the environmental cost. Take its victorious candidate for the Amazonian state of Pará, Daniel Santos, who was fined $275,000 (£208,000) for deforestating 280 hectares (692 acres) of his land without authorisation and is now promising to waive such penalties. As a result of Sunday’s election, Bolsonarists now control seven of the nine states in the Brazilian Amazon, and could win an eighth in the runoffs. Bolsonarist influence in the legislature, which is dominated by agribusiness interests, is also growing. Jair’s brother, Eduardo, and mother-in-law, Michelle, were elected to the Senate, while an uncle and brother won seats in the lower house of deputies. Even before the election, Congress had been pushing hard to weaken environmental protections. Now it will be almost impossible to stop, particularly given the current chaos in the supreme court, which has been a partial check on untrammelled expansion by miners, ranchers and monoculturalists. Against these forces, Lula would struggle to govern even if he wins the runoff. As a result, it is not just the Amazon that is in peril, but all of Brazil’s biomes, its traditional peoples and the stability of the global climate. The question now is why voters paid so little heed to these concerns. That inquest is already under way. Many focus on the influence of social media, which has been used far more effectively by the far right. During the Bolsonaro administration, his sons were part of the “hate cabinet” that spread fear and disinformation via WhatsApp groups and other online channels – Bolsonaro’s second son, Carlos, was indicted by federal police for leading the group. Environmentalists were often the target. Another factor is the expansion of US-style Pentecostalism, which is steadily supplanting Catholicism across Brazil, particularly in the Amazon. The political and environmental consequences of that religious shift can be seen by comparing the pro-nature treatise of the past two popes with the sermons of many evangelical preachers who encourage followers to seek wealth today as much as, if not more, than following moral creeds to ensure a good afterlife. Lula, 80, has been slow to adapt. Although he is arguably the most iconic and successful Latin American politician of the 21st century, his messaging seems less attuned to the people than it was in his heyday. The Workers party has struggled in an era of weaker unions and in some ways been the victim of its own success – with education and social policies that raised millions out of poverty and created greater expectations for consumption and entrepreneurism; and huge subsidies to farmers, who now support the right wing because they chaff at environmental limits. Tied into those explanations are the geopolitics of the climate and nature crisis, which is exacerbating great power rivalry between the US and China and amplifying extreme ideologies as much as extreme weather. In this light, the Brazil election is just the latest in a broader pattern of the far right taking control to expand extractivism despite growing evidence that the capitalist economy is breaking planetary boundaries. In the past two years, Donald Trump has ripped apart environmental regulations in the US and treated the rest of the Americas as his sphere of influence. Argentina was already onboard. Venezuela has been invaded for its resources, while in Colombia, Peru and Chile there has been a sharp shift to the right. Will Brazil be the next domino to fall to Trumpism and its bonfire approach to nature? The Bolsonaro family certainly hope so. Jair went so far as to salute the US flag. His son Eduardo urged the US to apply tariffs on Brazilian people to “punish” the government for imprisoning his father. The Brazilian intelligence agency has warned that the US was trying to interfere in the election. That election isn’t over yet. Lula stands a small chance if he can win over the many millions of voters who chose not to mark their ballots for either candidate. But the odds are stacked against him. Most of the eliminated candidates were on the right so their supporters are more likely to switch to Bolsonaro. No first round leader has ever failed to win the runoff of a Brazilian presidential election. Voters, of course, are allowed to change their minds. Either on 25 October or, constitutionally, in four years’ time. But for how much longer will that be possible? If Bolsonaro wins, it won’t just be Lula that is finished, it could also be the Amazon and democracy itself.

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The 80-year-old market trader who became a Chilean music star

At a concert hall in the Chilean capital, Santiago, an 80-year-old man edges unsteadily down a steep staircase. With one hand he grips the metal bannister, in the other he carries a mug of hot water with a slice of lemon, as if heading to bed. But when the red stage curtain is pulled aside for him, Luis Gómez, or JM as he is universally known, transforms in an instant. He skips on to the stage to a roar from the crowd and launches into a bolero, punctuated by hip thrusts and shuffling two-steps. JM is the frontman of Los Crack del Puerto, and one of the last remaining voices of a golden generation. Born and raised in Valparaíso, Chile’s vibrant second city, JM’s late foray into music has taken him all around the country, as well as to Mexico, the UK, Argentina and France. But things could – and probably should – have worked out very differently. At 65, he was still hawking vegetables at the market he had worked at since the age of eight. This May, Los Crack del Puerto released their fourth record, Lo Mucho Que Nos Queda (So Much Yet to Come), as a cassette – to great acclaim. “Singing has always been my release,” JM says in a wavering voice, in contrast to his confident onstage vocals. The father of two speaks with captivating enthusiasm about his life, often leaping to his feet to re-enact minor scenes. Scattered with bursts of song, most conversations return to his mostly tongue-in-cheek fear of his wife of 55 years, his penchant for sports clothing, or the market on Avenida Argentina in Valparaíso. JM was born in the O’Higgins neighbourhood of Valparaíso in 1945, the youngest of five children. He was three years old when his father died, and 10 when he lost his mother. For a time, he would sleep out on the street between parked cars, until his aunt and uncle took him in and laid down the law, insisting that he was home by 10pm each night. “JM” was a cheeky nickname bestowed upon him by the family – the initials of a childhood friend, Juan Muñoz, with whom they said he spent too much time. The moniker has long since replaced his full name. Valparaíso then, as it is now, was defined by its music. As in many ports, cultures and ideas have long arrived in the city and been woven into its fabric; but the musical styles of its 20th-century heyday, from boleros to waltzes, tango to cueca, Chile’s official national dance, have barely changed in generations. “The same songs that were sung before are still the ones they sing now,” says JM decisively. Many now form Los Crack del Puerto’s repertoire. One of his cousins, Juan Navarro, known simply as Juanín, would bring friends home and play his guitar for them, and the younger JM would come sing along. The cousins remained lifelong friends while Juanín pursued a career in the police and JM sold vegetables at the market. “That’s still what I am – a market trader,” he says. Through middle age, the self-taught double act entertained crowds in Valparaíso’s bars – JM the entertaining foil to his more serious older cousin, who would perch on a stool to play his guitar, always in an immaculate pressed suit. “Sometimes Juanín would just invent chords,” says Los Crack del Puerto’s manager, Juan Nuñez. “The rest of the band would stop and ask him what chord he’d just played, and he’d just shrug.” “JM was the entertainer, he can make anyone laugh,” Nuñez adds. But the dynamic worked. In 2017, JM and Juanín began taking their music more seriously, forming the band with a group of talented local musicians. “That generation is an intangible cultural heritage. They’re a living legacy,” says 33-year-old musician Felipe Riveros, who has played with JM as a guitarist. “He’s charismatic. People go mad when he comes on stage. He and Juanín are the archetypes of the old porteño.” Juanín died in 2025 at the age of 87. “For three or four months, I missed him so much, I couldn’t bring myself to get back on stage,” says JM of his cousin. “People would request Juanín’s songs, but they were his, I didn’t feel like we could play them.” Now, as JM approaches his 81st birthday, the royalty cheques that supplement his miserly state pension are of little consequence to him. “I never planned any of this, and I’d be happy still working at the market,” he says quietly during a break between songs at the Quinta de los Nuñez, a hillside restaurant where he sings every Sunday for an adoring crowd. “But I suppose it’s never too late to give something a try.”

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Ukraine says Russia bombed apartment block as birthday gift for Putin

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has accused Russia’s military of deliberately killing civilians and bombing residential buildings as a macabre gift for Vladimir Putin, who celebrates his 74th birthday on Wednesday. Ukraine’s president described Russia’s overnight drone and missiles strikes, which killed at least 15 people, as “despicable”. “The Russians wanted to strike painfully and demonstratively,” he said. Video showed a ballistic missile slamming into a five-storey apartment block in the town of Pryluky in the northern Chernihiv region. The concrete building collapsed, entombing those inside. Nine people died, including three children, officials said, with 38 people injured. Rescuers picked through the rubble in an attempt to find survivors. “Today, on Putin’s birthday, the Russian army ‘presented’ him with the destruction of a residential block in Pryluky. It was an ordinary five-storey block of flats,” Zelenskyy wrote on social media. He acknowledged that Ukraine was struggling to shoot down enemy ballistic missiles, and appealed to allies to provide US-manufactured Patriot interceptors. “Air defence packages for us right now are a vital necessity,” he said. The bombardment featured 70 ballistic missiles, as well as 46 jet-powered drones, which in recent weeks have been terrorising Ukrainians on a daily basis. Ukraine’s air force said it managed to down just over 80% of the fast-moving drones – an improvement on the previous average of 50% to 60%. Eleven regions were hit. Two people were killed in Kyiv, with other deadly strikes in the central cities of Kremenchuk and Oleksandriia, where four civilians died. There was also extensive damage in Dnipro. Ukraine’s foreign minister, Andrii Sybiha, said Russian generals had given Putin his favourite birthday present: “war crimes”. Moscow’s grim strategy of bombarding the country’s population so it capitulated would not work, he said. “The Ukrainian people are not going to give up, because it’s about Ukraine’s survival as a nation and as a state,” he said. The “ultimate” present would be a dock in The Hague, home to the international criminal court, where the Russian president would stand trial, Sybiha said. One resident in Kremenchuk said the attack happened early on Wednesday. The woman told Ukrainian media: “We were making tea in the morning. My husband was getting ready for work. And that was it. I found myself on the floor. What can I say? It was very scary.” Local people in Dnipro said a blast wave affected 16 buildings, blowing out doors and windows. One woman, Iryna, said her auto parts workshop had been hit for the sixth time. The ceiling collapsed in Wednesday’s strike, she said, with toilets, sinks and equipment damaged. “The explosion happened around three in the morning. We were sleeping at home. Everyone was scared, probably the whole city heard it. We will restore the shop and continue to work,” she told the Suspline channel. Zelenskyy said Ukraine had carried out its own long-range strikes on economic and military sites inside Russia. They included two oil complexes and a training ground in the ⁠Perm, Samara ‌and Astrakhan ‌regions.“These are ‌justified Ukrainian responses to all Russian attacks on ⁠our people,” he said. The president posted dramatic video of a burning oil tanker close to the southern resort city of Sochi. Russian officials said naval drones had hit the Liberian-flagged ship, adding that “crude oil was burning openly on the Black Sea”. Its Indian crew of 23 was rescued, they said. Both sides have heavily targeted commercial shipping around the Black Sea since Putin’s full-scale invasion in 2022. In recent weeks Russia has picked off vessels carrying Ukrainian grain, paralysing maritime traffic from Ukraine’s southern ports including Odesa. Earlier this week, a civilian cargo ship sank after a suspected attack by Russian drones in the Black Sea. Its crew is still missing. A second vessel carrying grain was also hit while sailing in Bulgaria’s exclusive economic zone, said the Bulgarian prime minister, Rumen Radev. The search for survivors was called off on Wednesday, according to Vice-Admiral Rumen Nikolov of the Maritime Administration Executive ⁠Agency. “There are no traces of the sailors from the ‌first ship, and there will ‌be none,” he said.

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Separatists win in Quebec – but does that bring separation from Canada any closer?

The victory of the Parti Québécois in Monday’s election in Quebec might seem to bring its signature goal, of separating the French-speaking province from Canada, much closer – but Canadian unity may not be nearly as threatened as may first seem. The PQ’s victory was both impressive and disappointing. The party added 56 seats to its roster and more than doubled its vote share compared with the 2022 election, giving it its first taste of power in 14 years. Crucially, however, it was left five seats short of a majority, making its promise to hold a referendum after Donald Trump leaves office in 2028 nearly impossible. It also won with barely 28% of the popular vote, the lowest percentage for any government in Canada’s electoral history, according to the polling analyst Philippe Fournier. The vast majority of Quebecers voted for parties that want nothing to do with a referendum. It’s a reflection of the province’s 30-year aversion to another bruising debate about Quebec’s place in Canada – particularly in the wake of Trump’s tariffs and threats against the country. The result not only puts another referendum in doubt, but a raft of other PQ initiatives too, including abolishing the monarchy and applying Quebec’s strict language laws to the province’s colleges. The new government will also face stiff opposition to its plans to reduce immigration levels, which have angered farmers and the business community. Meanwhile, the most popular politician in the province remains far and away the Canadian prime minister, Mark Carney, in large part because of his resistance to Trump. That has left the PQ leader, Paul St-Pierre Plamondon, in an awkward situation for a separatist: he can’t be seen as a threat to Canadian unity. He essentially acknowledged this in his victory speech, pledging to be a “good-faith collaborator” with the rest of the country, and even addressing the crowd in English; then attempted to court the other side of the debate by announcing on Tuesday he would prevent the lieutenant governor, who represents the British crown, from swearing in his new government. “Seventy per cent of Quebecers don’t want a referendum,” said John Parisella, who served as chief of staff to two Quebec premiers and the province’s delegate general in New York and Washington. “And every time they see Trump’s picture on the screen at night, it does nothing to improve a desire for separation. For a lot of Quebecers, the link with Canada is absolutely crucial, even if it isn’t necessarily emotional.” The vote, in fact, may have less to do with embracing separatism and more about punishing the current government. The election saw the total collapse of the governing Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ), which has been in power since 2018. An alliance of federalists and separatists (the party describes itself as nationalist), it didn’t win a single seat, and harvested just a third of its vote share compared to 2022. Its leader, Christine Fréchette, lost her own riding to the Parti Québécois, and on Tuesday afternoon she resigned. In a province whose political discourse has focused on the federalist-separatist divide, the election also suggested a return to normalcy of sorts – with separatists returning to the PQ’s fold, while the federalist vote dispersed to the opposition Liberal party and the upstart Parti Conservateur du Québec (PCQ). The PCQ feasted on the CAQ’s support in the election, winning 19 ridings in the hinterland and in the Quebec City area, where leader Éric Duhaime won his seat for the first time. Founded in 2009, the populist party counts a prominent anti-vaxxer and a rage-bating anti-woke radio host as two of its winning candidates. The party was able to break through in part because of its promise to build an underground highway linking Quebec City to its suburbs across the St Lawrence, despite government reports saying the endeavor would cost as much as C$9.3bn (US$6.5bn) and do little to alleviate traffic. Montreal, meanwhile, went decidedly Liberal red, with leader Charles Milliard regaining seats on the island and in the traditionally English redoubt of the Eastern Townships. The staunchly federalist Liberals, who are unaffiliated with Carney’s federal Liberals, will serve as Quebec’s official opposition. Governing with but a handful of seats in the province’s biggest metropolis will be challenging enough for the PQ; as history has shown, winning a referendum without it is somewhere near impossible. Canada faces another potential menace to its sovereignty in a little less than two weeks, when Alberta in the west holds a “referendum on a referendum” on secession. Happily for Carney, and unfortunately for Trump, polls suggest Albertans are as averse to dalliances with separation as their Quebecer brethren have now become to the east – no matter the party they just chose to govern.