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Israel strikes southern Lebanon after ordering evacuations of nine villages

Thousands fled their homes after Israel issued forced evacuation orders for nine villages in southern Lebanon before strikes that killed six people on Friday, a day after the Hezbollah militant group rejected a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Lebanon. Hundreds of families left Anqoun, a village hosting at least 2,500 displaced people, after the Israeli military said it would soon operate against what it said were Hezbollah targets there, ordering residents to leave. The roads leading to Sidon, the closest large city, were choked with cars as families sought shelter. The Israeli military carried out airstrikes across wide areas of south Lebanon, including Anqoun, with drone strikes hitting cars in the Nabatieh area while airstrikes and artillery pounded the town of Kfar Tebnit. The town is adjacent to Beaufort Castle, which Israeli troops seized this week, and en route to the city of Nabatieh. Israel has issued forced evacuation orders for Nabatieh and much of the area’s surrounding towns as it advances further towards the city, now deserted but normally one of the largest in south Lebanon. Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, had ordered Israeli troops to deepen their invasion of south Lebanon after capturing the medieval Beaufort crusader castle on Sunday. Hezbollah attacked Israeli troops in southern Lebanon, targeting them with rocket barrages near the castle, according to a statement by Hezbollah. The fighting came a day after a US-brokered ceasefire agreed on by the Israeli government and Lebanon was rejected by Hezbollah. The militant group called the deal, under which it would have stopped firing but with Israel allowed to continue carrying out airstrikes, tantamount to “surrender”. The Lebanese prime minister, Nawaf Salam, said on Friday: “Lebanon can no longer be a field for wars fought for others, nor can the south [of Lebanon] and its peoeple continue to pay the price for decisions they did not make.” Hezbollah is not a party to the negotiations between Israel and the government of Lebanon. Instead it has passed its positions and messages primarily through Lebanon’s parliament speaker, Nabih Berri. Berri, days before the failed ceasefire was drafted, said he could guarantee that Hezbollah would stop firing in return for a cessation of fighting. On Friday, Berri said Hezbollah would withdraw from the area south of the Litani River – 18 miles from the Lebanon-Israel border – only if Israeli troops withdrew from Lebanon and that a ceasefire was unconditional. Israel now occupies more than 608 sq km of Lebanese territory. Berri also criticised the idea of “pilot zones” included in the proposed ceasefire, in which the Israeli army would have withdrawn from certain areas and the Lebanese army returned to ensure no Hezbollah members entered. On Thursday, Israeli forces pulled out of the town of Dibbin in south Lebanon, the first time its troops had withdrawn from an area in south Lebanon since the war began on 2 March. Lebanese troops and UN peacekeepers entered the town on Friday, reopening roads and clearing rubble for residents. It is unclear if the Israeli withdrawal was linked to the “pilot zones” proposal. Lebanon and Israel have been engaging in dual-track negotiations in Washington to reach a ceasefire, but the ability of those talks to succeed without buy-in from Hezbollah are in serious doubt. Donald Trump is invested in the Lebanese-Israeli negotiations as Iran has linked the success of a Lebanon ceasefire with its own negotiations with Washington. The US president has repeatedly sought to end the Iran war amid soaring gas prices and plummeting approval ratings, and has reportedly grown frustrated with Netanyahu’s campaign in Lebanon as it has complicated talks with Iran. Netanyahu told ministers during a cabinet meeting on Thursday night that he would not seek government approval for the latest US-brokered ceasefire proposal with Lebanon unless Hezbollah first agreed to its terms, after Hezbollah rejected it on Thursday. According to the Israeli news outlet Ynet, several ministers voiced opposition to the fragile truce, which Israeli and Lebanese representatives agreed to extend during talks in Washington on Wednesday. They urged Netanyahu to submit the proposal to the cabinet for a formal vote before Israel committed to it. The Israeli prime minister rejected those demands, arguing that there was currently no agreement to approve because Hezbollah had yet to endorse the deal. “At the moment, there is no deal,” he reportedly told ministers. “Hezbollah is opposed, and therefore I am not making a decision.” He added that if the group accepted the proposal, he would bring it before the cabinet for approval. Fighting between Hezbollah and Israel started on 2 March after the militant group launched rockets at Israel in retaliation for the killing of the Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, triggering an Israeli invasion. More than 3,500 people have been killed by Israeli strikes in Lebanon, while Hezbollah has killed at least 29 Israeli soldiers in Lebanon and three Israeli civilians.

A low birthrate isn’t the end of the world | Brief letters

Surely the old will be cared for by robots while watching endless pictures of kittens (The right is desperate for a solution to falling birthrates. Who’s going to tell them that the answer is immigration?, 31 May). As the population falls, there will be a glut of housing, which will become affordable, and so women will be able to have more children and the cycle will begin again, assuming that one or other of the megalomaniacs haven’t blown us all to smithereens first. Mary Bolton Chiswick, London • Nigel Farage has called for “pure, cold rage” (Starmer urges calm as far right seeks to exploit Henry Nowak murder, 2 June). Strangely enough, this is precisely what I have felt since he and his cronies cheated me out of my EU membership back in 2016. Shane Roberts Easton, Bristol • Keir Starmer doesn’t believe that there is “two-tier policing” in this country. Oh really? At a peaceful vigil held in Trafalgar Square on 11 April, no fewer than 523 people, many of them pensioners, were arrested for holding signs protesting against genocide. Earlier this week, a violent racist mob brought terror to the streets of Southampton. Number of arrests? Two. Richard Munn Cambridge • Why use a leaf blower (Letters, 1 June) when a broom does the same job efficiently in an environmentally friendly way and without the awful noise? Helen Hodgson Cambridge • Have an opinion on anything you’ve read in the Guardian today? Please email us your letter and it will be considered for publication in our letters section.

Amid choppy waters around ‘secondhand subs’ and Trump, Labor’s sensitivity about the Aukus debate is growing

In a week of controversy around the Aukus nuclear agreement, Vice Adm Mark Hammond might be forgiven for feeling singed by public scrutiny. Hammond, the chief of the navy, was giving evidence in budget estimates hearings on Wednesday when he revealed that he had been “directed” to speak at an Aukus conference at Washington’s exclusive Cosmos Club back in April. The annual conference, for which ticket prices started at $4,950, was organised Christopher Pyne – who is among a suite of former ministers now making big money lobbying on the $368bn agreement. Hammond – promoted by the government to become chief of defence from next month – said he did not personally solicit speaking invitations and would only attend private events when “directed” to do so. But someone monitoring the hearing from the ministerial wing or the Russell defence complex might not have liked the answer. A couple of hours later, Hammond clarified that rather than being directed to speak, he had consulted with the government, and his address had been “approved” by the office of the defence minister, Richard Marles. The sensitivity is revealing. Concerns about the cost and reliability of the Aukus pact are growing. Labor needs to do a better job explaining just why one of the biggest and most expensive decisions ever taken by an Australian government should remain in the national interest. And it all comes amid renewed debate about Australia’s moves to more closely tie our defence to an increasingly unpredictable partner: Donald Trump’s America. Used subs for sale It was an announcement from Marles last weekend that brought the issue back to the foreground. After meeting with his US counterpart, Pete Hegseth, in Singapore, Marles said that Australia would no longer receive two Virginia-class submarines already in service and one new vessel. Instead, Australia would take three secondhand boats. Marles said the change made sense. Instead of running two different models of American submarines – each with their particular sensibilities and training requirements – streamlining the plan would make operations more effective. The Pentagon told journalists the cost efficiencies were likely to be in the workforce, maintenance and supply chains. The new defence department secretary, Meghan Quinn, went further in Canberra, saying Australia had always wanted three in-service boats. Labor is sensitive about the phrase “secondhand”. While the subs won’t be newly built, they will be operating at peak condition after about six years in the water and having just undergone their first major service. Sign up for the Breaking News Australia email Once handed over to Australia, the Virginias are expected to run for at least a quarter century. Marles and the defence industry minister, Pat Conroy, argue the early years of operation for complex military equipment are the most difficult, so it makes sense for the submarines to arrive once their operational condition is guaranteed. But selling the message was not straightforward for Labor. Entrenched scepticism about the deal – first negotiated by Scott Morrison and quickly endorsed by Labor in opposition – flared in the ALP caucus meeting on Tuesday when former cabinet minister Ed Husic spoke up. Husic’s position was that a material change in the deal should prompt reconsideration of the merits of Aukus, especially noting the “transactional” way Trump makes decisions. Dumped from the frontbench in a factional deal orchestrated by Marles after the 2025 election, it is not the first time Husic has been outspoken about sensitive issues for the government. On this point at least, Husic was quickly shown to be correct. This week, without any notice or consultation, Trump’s administration included Australia among dozens of countries at risk of a new 12.5% trade tariff, imposed for supposedly failing to prevent slave labour. The trade minister, Don Farrell, pushed back during talks with the US trade representative, Jamieson Greer, in Paris, reminding him Australia has robust anti-slavery laws. Polls suggest support for nuclear subs holds firm On Aukus, no reconsideration will be forthcoming. Labor ministers were quick to point out Husic is just one MP within the caucus, with Conroy calling his comments “disingenuous”. He argued that Labor agreed to support Aukus before the so-called “optimal pathway” was agreed in 2023, a time when none of the specificity about the actual submarines had been settled and before key defence capability gaps were properly understood. Lowy Institute polling on Aukus shows public support holding firm. In 2025, two-thirds of Australians said they were somewhat or strongly in favour, roughly steady compared to 2022. One-third of Australians were opposed to Australia acquiring nuclear-powered submarines. A community-led inquiry will test confidence over the coming months. Launched this week with the former environment minister Peter Garrett as the lead commissioner, it will probably be a mild irritant for the government between now and its final report in October. Organised by Aukus sceptics and outright opponents, the inquiry is set to hold its first hearings in Melbourne next week. Backed by trade unions and the Australia Institute thinktank, it received more than $85,000 in public donations in just four days this week, as well as 100 written submissions. Other allies and partners around the world are watching, too. Countries relying on Australia to exert authority as a middle power in the Indo-Pacific region have noted some political uncertainty related to Aukus, even early in a multi-decade process designed to secure submarine capability to deal with a rapidly shifting geopolitical landscape. If the Aukus subs are actually going to be useful in helping keep the peace, including against an assertive China, powers further away want to make sure they will materialise and can be relied on. If the first 18 months of his second term are any guide, Trump’s unpopularity and erratic behaviour could badly test social licence for Aukus. While he has offered support for the deal and strongly praised the prime minister, Anthony Albanese, Trump could easily reverse course at any time and pull the rug out from under Labor. His mistreatment of allies like Australia might convince others that sending billions of dollars to the US for submarines is a bad idea. Maintaining the “optimal pathway” ahead could be anything but straightforward. With increasingly choppy waters, it’s little wonder Hammond and the government might be sensitive around talk about Aukus.

UK-EU ‘reset’ summit may still happen next month despite delay speculation

The EU has said Keir Starmer’s upcoming summit “resetting” the UK-Europe relationship may still happen in July, amid growing fears it could be postponed to the autumn as talks over youth mobility remain deadlocked. “The summit is supposed to be mid-July but at the moment it could be put back to after the summer,” said one EU diplomat. “There is common concern that momentum is being lost. Negotiations always continue until the moment the clock stops and then you have a text the next morning, but because there is no deadline, the pressure is off,” the source added. Speaking at a conference in Brussels, the EU trade commissioner, Maroš Šefčovič, said: “I believe that still the expectation is that we would have the summit, most probably in July.” Asked if talks were deadlocked on a scheme to allow under-30s to travel freely on a three-year visa scheme for youth, he said it was one of the top three issues, and one that EU ministers cared deeply about. Describing a recent meeting of 27 European ministers, he said: “When we were discussing the relationship with the UK, 20 ministers took the floor and said how the youth experience is important for them. So I think this is something what I see as an investment into the future.” Šefčovič added that his second daughter studied in the UK, “she has all the university friends from there, she speaks much better English than I do, she can do the British accent excellently”. His personal interest is reflected widely around governments in Europe, meaning it is turning into something of a red line for EU leaders. The UK business secretary, Peter Kyle, who had an hour-long meeting with Šefčovič in Brussels on Friday, said: “We are very aware of the strength of feeling” about youth mobility but a deal had to be “respectful” for both sides. The annual summit, the second of its kind since Brexit, was originally due to be held in May, exactly a year after the first, when Starmer and the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, met in Lancaster House in Westminster. But with talks over a youth experience scheme and a veterinary deal taking longer than anticipated, 29 June was pencilled in for this year’s summit, according to sources. That has now shifted to a tentative date of 13 July and there is speculation it may move again. Kyle described his meeting with Šefčovič as “positive” and full of “hope and optimism” in trying to nail a deal on three areas – youth mobility, food and drink red tape and carbon emissions. Asked why there was still no date for the summit, Kyle said: “We’ve never set a date for it, but it’s incoming … we are throwing our heart and soul into this reset.” He added: “We are just determined that this summit, each time we do run these summits, is a big step forward. We’re not just always looking over our shoulder just to think ‘what did we do last time?’.” Four EU sources said talks were still deadlocked over the EU’s insistence that its citizens studying in the UK under the scheme pay “home” tuition fees. The UK wants to cap numbers of EU citizens coming to the UK at between 40,000 and 50,000 a year. One EU source accused the UK of trying to introduce new issues. “The UK keep wanting to link the youth mobility scheme to other things,” they said. Kyle said on Friday there were also issues for the British side, including business mobility. One EU diplomat complained about the secrecy of talks, which they said meant leading politicians could not give the help they wanted to expedite a deal. “We are aligned on values, we miss them, we want them back and we want to help them but they are very difficult to help when we do not know what their plan is,” said the diplomat. “We struggle a bit with the Brits because we don’t know their plan, their vision.” Kyle told the conference that the relationship had “healed” and relations could be closer after the summit but the UK had to take account of voters’ concerns about migration when it came to any youth mobility. “The way to win over the British people is to show that the EU delivers for British people wherever you live in the country,” he said. “If we can get those two things right from both sides then I think we have a really fantastic future.”

Ruling removes ‘vital’ UK safeguards for severely disabled people, charities warn

Severely disabled people will be at heightened risk of abuse in care homes and hospitals after the biggest upheaval in disability law in a generation overturned “vital” legal safeguards, campaigners have warned. They said a supreme court judgment that potentially strips the right of hundreds of thousands of vulnerable people to independent checks on the safety and appropriateness of their care “devalues the dignity of disabled people”. The landmark ruling means many adults who lack mental capacity, including autistic people with high support needs, severe learning disabilities, serious mental illness and advanced dementia, will lose access to deprivation of liberty safeguards (Dols). The supreme court judgment, issued on Tuesday, overturned an existing legal framework for ensuring people in care homes and hospitals who lack capacity to consent to necessary treatment, medication or restraint receive safe care that is in their best interests. The UK Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) and the Northern Ireland executive had challenged the safeguarding framework, introduced in 2014 and known as the Cheshire West judgment, on the grounds that it was wrong in law, no longer needed, and had created an expensive, intrusive and unnecessary care bureaucracy. The disability charities Mencap, Mind and the National Autistic Society said this week’s judgment “removes safeguards that history shows us are vital for disabled people” while introducing a “regressive legal standard” across the NHS and social care. They added: “By removing independent checks, advocacy and automatic access to legal aid, the court has closed the gateway to justice and support for many who need it most. Stripping away these safeguards makes it easier for abuse and neglect to go unnoticed behind closed doors.” They said the judgment flew in the face of lessons about the importance of independent care oversight taken from institutional abuse and neglect scandals involving vulnerable adults, including Winterbourne View, and the death of 18-year-old Connor Sparrowhawk. At Winterbourne View, six care workers were given prison terms for “cruel, callous and degrading” abuse of disabled patients, while Sparrowhawk suffered appalling neglect at an assessment and treatment unit, and drowned in a bath, behind a locked door, in the midst of an epileptic seizure. Campaigners are concerned the judgment rules that a person without capacity who appears passive, or does not actively protest about their care, even if they are sedated or restrained, will be deemed to have consented to that care, and will lose oversight and legal protections as a result. Oliver Lewis, a barrister at Doughty Street Chambers, said: “The judgment ignores decades of evidence from disability studies that some people, by reason of their disability, are more suggestible, more prone to persuasion, more vulnerable to institutionalisation, to normalising abuse and neglect.” Campaigners are frustrated that the changes to Dols are to go ahead without public and parliamentary debate or stakeholder consultation and without an official risk and impact assessment being carried out. “Its undemocratic and outrageous,” said Lewis, who represented the charities in the case. Rashpal Bishop, the vice-president of the Association of Directors of Adult Social Services, called the ruling “seismic”, saying its redefinition of deprivation of liberty would over time reduce the number of Dols applications, many of which were not required, and enable councils to reprioritise staff and financial resources. She said the Dols system would “in time focus on a smaller group of people who are likely to be unhappy with their care arrangements and are actively objecting to their placement, or where the restrictions are extreme and there is a need to provide the legal safeguards and the ability to challenge their detention”. The Cheshire West judgment massively expanded the numbers of people subject to Dols. About 400,000 people in England and Wales were estimated to hold Dols in 2023-24, compared with about 14,000 in 2013-14. Each Dols is reassessed annually, a process that can cost more than £500 a time. Concerns about the administrative and cost burden of the post-2014 Dols system led to 2019 legislation enabling a more streamlined system called liberty protection safeguards. However, successive governments failed to introduce it. The current government said last year it would consult on the new approach. Announcing the consultation, which is yet to open, the minister of state for care, Stephen Kinnock, said last year: “Safeguarding the vulnerable and protecting their rights is the absolute priority of this government.” In its submission to the court the DHSC argued that requirements for Dols were “much reduced” since the Cheshire West judgment as “there are now extensive safeguards for incapacitated persons” not in place at the time, including Care Act protections and care quality inspections. Campaigners called for urgent guidance from the government on the new arrangements, amid fears the ruling will trigger “months of chaos” as local authorities seek to cancel current authorisations and new applications, leaving disabled people and families in limbo. A government spokesperson said: “We respect the supreme court’s decision on the meaning of deprivation of liberty. Our priority has always been safeguarding vulnerable people and ensuring their rights are protected. We will now consider the judgment carefully and its potential impacts and will set out guidance to the sector shortly.”

Out of the shadows: Venezuela’s opposition emerges from hiding but remains on political sidelines

For nearly 600 days, Anthony Romero crept between more than a dozen safe houses to avoid being captured by Venezuela’s secret police. After helping challenge Nicolás Maduro’s spurious claim to have won the 2024 presidential election, the opposition activist went underground, as the South American dictator waged a ruthless crackdown in an attempt to cling to power. “He unleashed the harshest repression Venezuela has ever seen – we’re talking about nearly 3,000 arrests,” recalled Romero, 35, a lawyer who is part of the Nobel laureate María Corina Machado’s political party, Vente Venezuela. But on a recent sunny Saturday, Romero had emerged from hiding and was back on the streets, proudly wearing their movement’s signature-blue shirt as pro-democracy activists revived their campaign for change after Maduro’s overthrow appeared to herald a tentative glasnost. “I see a bright and prosperous future for Venezuela,” Romero effused as he canvassed in the winding alleys of La Dolorita, a deprived neighbourhood in east Caracas. Such activism would have been a kamikaze mission before US special forces ended Maduro’s tyrannical reign on 3 January. “We’d have been arrested immediately,” said Jonatan Molero, 46, an activist and restaurateur also wearing the colours of Machado’s movement. A third local campaigner accompanying Romero, a retired carpentry teacher named Oswaldo Rodríguez, 59, recalled being so terrified by the post-election crackdown that, when armed pro-regime thugs arrived at his home, he used scissors to destroy his blue Vente shirt. Now the repression has eased, at least temporarily, with Maduro’s successors largely tolerating opposition protests and gatherings – despite the fact that no democratic transition has taken place and there is still no date for new elections. Three hours after Romero’s visit began, police officers arrived and photographed his group, but they were otherwise left undisturbed. As dozens of party canvassers strolled through the hillside community, Romero promised that Machado would soon return to conclude her push for democracy. “The process that began after 3 January will, without any doubt whatsoever, lead us to a transition, to a democratically elected government and to a free and flourishing Venezuela,” he said. Analysts have their doubts. A recent Chatham House report based on input from election experts, diplomats and scholars of democratic transitions suggests Venezuela has its best opportunity in more than a decade to rescue its democracy and collapsed economy. But the British thinktank warned the momentum for change was fading, with the Trump administration seemingly content to leave Maduro’s vice-president, Delcy Rodríguez, in power in exchange for economic concessions and obedience from a country the US president has pondered turning into the 51st state. The report’s author, Christopher Sabatini, said Washington showed little interest in pushing for elections that could threaten a lucrative new relationship some critics compare to colonial rule. “[The US] needs a foreign policy win, and Venezuela – rightly or wrongly – is what they’re holding up as a win in the face of Iran and an uncertain agenda and outcome in Cuba,” Sabatini said of Trump’s parallel crusade to subjugate the Caribbean island’s communist leaders. “[Washington’s] interest was never democracy … much to the frustration of the opposition.” In La Dolorita, some Machado supporters insisted they were keeping faith in Donald Trump’s three-phase roadmap for their country’s future: stabilisation, economic recovery and political transition. “Donald Trump has been a great ally of democracy in Venezuela,” said the retired carpenter Rodríguez, acknowledging that many Venezuelans had been disappointed not to see the “total change” they had hoped for. “But I believe the strategy of Donald Trump’s government is the correct one,” he added, expressing confidence that negotiations and US pressure would gradually produce substantial reforms, including an overhaul of the pro-regime National Electoral Council and free and fair elections. Daniel Gaspar, a 35-year-old motorcycle taxi driver from La Dolorita, said: “We’re moving forwards! Only crabs move backwards!” But there are signs of fraying patience among Venezuelans who hoped Maduro’s abduction would bring immediate democracy. One recent poll found support for Trump’s actions had plunged from 92% in January to 46% in April amid growing discomfort about his obsession with securing access to Venezuelan natural resources and apparent indifference to elections. The longing for a genuine political shift was palpable as Romero’s campaigners advanced through the backstreets of La Dolorita, long considered a working-class stronghold of Maduro’s Chavismo movement but where he suffered a crushing defeat in 2024. On almost every doorstep, they encountered anger at how years of hyperinflation, hunger, corruption and state violence had had brought the area to its knees and caused millions to flee abroad. In a dimly lit shack at the top of a steep stairwell, 63-year-old María Núñez told Romero her house had not received a drop of running water in 21 years. She remembered once having been able to afford pork chops; now she ate chicken feet. She said neighbours faced even greater difficulties: one family of four with a child with special educational needs were so poor they lacked a mattress and slept on the floor. “We want true, profound change,” Núñez said, imploring Romero’s team to find a bed for her neighbours. Of Machado, Núñez said: “I want her to be president of Venezuela because she knows Venezuela … and I ask God to make her Venezuela’s president.” Juan Córdova, a community organiser, said hunger was widespread, and even comparatively better-off families were struggling, making $50 for a seven-day-week. “Fifty dollars buys you nothing,” complained Córdova, 57. Of the government, he said: “Every day they and their friends grow richer and the people grow poorer … We want change – and we hope it comes soon.” Machado, who slipped out of Venezuela in December to receive a Nobel prize she later gave to Trump, has responded diplomatically to the slow pace of change, keen not to alienate her most powerful supporter despite his decision to sideline her. The conservative democracy activist has pledged to return home to seek Venezuela’s presidency by the end of this year – but her path to power appears to be narrowing, given the increasingly cosy relationship between Rodríguez and Trump. Speaking after a recent opposition summit in Panama, Machado urged the US to help “promote a serious, firm and responsible political negotiation with the interim regime to restore democracy in Venezuela”. Sabatini predicted Machado would at some point make good on her promise to return home, where she would seek to reassert leadership of the opposition and a “showdown” with Rodríguez’s regime, with unpredictable consequences, including her possible arrest. “If something happens to her, it really becomes a showdown of whether the Trump administration will go to battle for María Corina Machado against the interim government that it has embraced. I wouldn’t be sure which way that would go … quite frankly,” he said. Romero was more optimistic as he wrapped up his tour with an improvised assembly inside the sitting room of 58-year-old Neirubes Millan. She wept as she described her struggle to feed La Dolorita’s most deprived children during the worst moments of Venezuela’s humanitarian crisis. “We cry because we aren’t the people we used to be,” Millan said. “But happiness is on its way … Soon this will all be over and things will be different. And if once we shed tears of sorrow, we will then shed tears of joy.” After taking a video call from a senior Vente leader who remained in exile, Romero stepped out into the afternoon sunlight, celebrating the enthusiastic welcome his team had been afforded in an area where the opposition had long been shunned. “We’re convinced we’re going to completely break with 21st-century socialism,” he said, before his convoy wound its way out of La Dolorita, old weather-beaten propaganda murals paying tribute to Maduro’s fallen regime. Beneath one wall painting celebrating the dictator’s “good governance”, a scavenger in yellowing Nike trainers used a butter tray to shovel through a rubble-filled dumpster. Farther ahead was a homage to Maduro’s late mentor, Hugo Chávez, accompanied by a slogan given new meaning by the downfall of his heir. “La esperanza está en la calle,” it read. “Hope lies in the street”. Additional reporting by María de los Ángeles Graterol.

How a shortage of gas, engine oil and spare parts is grinding Gaza to a halt

Palestinians in Gaza already grappling with limited supplies of food and medicine face new threats to their day-to-day existence: shortages of engine oil, spare parts and gas. The knock-on effects are impacting everything from bread production to water supplies and emergency response efforts, producing one fresh crisis after another. Over the weekend, the main hospital in central Gaza warned of an imminent health disaster as its electrical generators failed. Dr Raed Hussein, director of the al-Aqsa Martyrs hospital, said: “We issued a distress call after a small generator that we depended on to support the operation of the surgery operating rooms during the morning stopped working. “This generator used to support the 400 kVA generator that operates in the morning hours. When it broke down, we could no longer run the surgical operating rooms as usual, and unfortunately we had to close them … the available electrical capacity was no longer sufficient to handle the required load.” The maintenance work being carried was only a temporary solution, he warned, as there was no availability of the materials needed for a full repair. “What is happening now is ‘patchwork’ maintenance, not real maintenance, because Gaza lacks the necessary spare parts,” he said. “Even previous repairs depended on dismantling old generators and using their parts to keep other generators running for a limited period.” Some generators are now permanently out of service while Hussein fears the arrival of higher summer temperatures will soon put those that remain under even greater pressure. Gaza’s civil defence, meanwhile, warned its fire and rescue operations are at risk of coming to a complete halt and that it is already only dealing with the most critical emergencies. It is also facing a lack of spare parts, specifically for vehicles, along with restrictions on the entry of firefighting and rescue equipment, fuel and engine oil. This has already led to the breakdown of three firefighting and rescue vehicles, as well as two ambulances. Engine oil – used for lubrication to reduce the wear in moving parts – may seem like a minor item, but its shortage is deepening the series of crises in Gaza. One litre now costs about 2,200 shekels (£570), compared with roughly 25 shekels before the war. Despite its extremely high price, most of the available oil is old stock and often of poor quality. Tyres and spare parts are also a problem and one small sealing component that used to cost between seven and 12 shekels is now sold for hundreds. A cylinder head gasket, if it’s possible to find one, has increased in price from 120 to about 2,000 shekels. “The nature of our work has changed significantly in recent months because of the severe shortage of engine oil and spare parts,” said Rafiq Hamouda, 52, who repairs engines and vehicles in the al-Mawasi area of Deir al-Balah. “Today we have seven cars that we have fully repaired, but they remain out of service simply because there is no engine oil available to run them.” To cope with the shortage, Hamouda said he has started dismantling entire vehicles to use their parts in repairing others. “We have dismantled around six vehicles that were still relatively functional and used their engines, gearboxes and other components to save other vehicles. It has become like trying to keep a patient alive on life support.” Large numbers of cars have already stopped operating due to the scarcity of engine oil, or have been abandoned near their homes or tents by their owners who can no longer afford them, with huge impacts on the transportation available to Palestinians in Gaza. The deaths of many animals previously used for transportation from war and famine has added yet another challenge. “The transportation crisis has had a major impact on our lives, especially because of my husband’s health condition,” said Heba Qahman, 36, a displaced mother-of-five living in Deir al-Balah. “About two months ago, he was injured in a traffic accident and suffered fractures in his leg. He underwent several surgeries and now needs regular medical follow up. “The hospital is several kilometres away from where we live. I often have to push my husband in a wheelchair all the way there while carrying my baby. Sometimes, it takes me nearly an hour to reach the hospital, which is exhausting for both of us.” Meanwhile, with Israel controlling 60% of Gaza and dividing the territory along its “yellow line”, many residents can no longer access their homes, belongings or businesses to retrieve furniture and personal possessions. It has deepened the humanitarian crisis caused by the war, which has killed about 70,000 Palestinians, displaced more than 1.5 million people and destroyed over 80% of buildings and homes across Gaza. A report last week from Unicef, the United Nations’ children’s agency, also found that Gaza’s water and sanitation sector had been affected by the shortage of spare parts and engine oil. It said essential water systems continued to face severe pressure because of restrictions on energy supplies, chemicals and spare parts. Seawater desalination plants are producing about 16,000 cubic meters of water a day, compared with 20,000 in March, reducing water production and related services. It has contributed to growing health and living challenges, especially with rising temperatures and the increased need for bathing and maintaining personal hygiene, particularly among children. “The shortage of drinking water and the reduced water supply in camps and residential areas have forced us to cut water use for personal hygiene, washing clothes and cleaning household items,” said Walaa Sarsour, 46, from Beit Lahiya. “Water now reaches us only about once every two days and in limited quantities, whereas it was more available before.” The impact of the shortage of engine oil and spare parts is also being felt in bakeries and generators that provide electricity to businesses through monthly subscriptions. “Some generators have stopped working, while other bakeries have reduced production because they no longer have enough oil to operate their generators,” said Abdel Nasser Al-Ajrami, head of Gaza’s Bakery Owners Association. “Some bakeries that used to produce pastries, fine bread and other products have stopped making them because they have run out of engine oil and cannot afford it at these prices.” He warned that any disruption in bakery operations would directly affect residents. “If bakeries stop operating, families will struggle to obtain bread and will have to bake on their own using firewood or gas. But gas itself is unavailable, and firewood has become scarce due to heavy consumption. This will only increase suffering of families.” Israeli restrictions on fuel imports since the beginning of the war in October 2023 have already forced families and displaced people to rely on firewood. But prices have risen sharply, reaching nearly $3 a kilogram, and now many families use plastic and nylon as fuel for cooking. “The gas crisis is one of the hardest crises we have faced in these months. We now depend on open fires for cooking, which is extremely difficult, especially with the shortage of water and the harsh living conditions,” said Qahman, the displaced mother-of-five. “Because we cannot afford to buy firewood regularly, we have had to look for alternatives, including collecting burnable waste from the streets.” As prices of many essential goods continue to rise and supplies become scarce, people are increasingly searching for alternatives. A simple gas lighter now costs more than 30 shekels, while a toilet seat can cost about 2,000 shekels. “We have tried to find alternatives for everything that has become unavailable or rare,” said Sarsour. “We have also been forced to give up some non-essential needs and focus only on the most necessary priorities.”

Friday briefing: How Gaza, Lebanon and Iran have found themselves caught in an escalation without end

Good morning. It’s been another week of brinkmanship via Truth Social and ceasefires broken before they’ve been announced. While US president Donald Trump claims an agreement with Iran could happen soon, for those living in the Middle East it does not feel like peace is anywhere near. People have seen more bombs dropped in Lebanon this week; and the death toll continues to rise, national economies falter, and displacement abounds. For those in the region, it means that having your bag packed, ready to flee by bus, car or even on foot to a safer place – maybe for a few days, perhaps indefinitely – has become a fact of life. Emma Graham-Harrison spent over a decade reporting from Kabul, Beijing and Madrid before basing herself in Jerusalem last May as our chief Middle East correspondent. I spoke to her as she waited to board her flight to Zurich, where she’s been nominated for an award for her reporting from Gaza. We talked about what it’s like for people living in a region that faces constant instability while the world watches on, and other times looks away. But first, the headlines. Five big stories UK politics | Andy Burnham has signalled he would begin transforming the broken social care system this year if he became prime minister, he has said in an interview with the Guardian, accusing Westminster of “flinching away” from tackling difficult policy problems. Environment | Humanity can raise living standards, reduce inequality and keep global heating within a 2C rise, according to a sweeping vision for planetary survival. Ukraine | The Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, has called for face-to-face negotiations in a public letter addressed directly to the Russian president, Vladimir Putin. England news | The poorest and most nature-deprived communities in England will be further left behind in their access to green spaces if proposed changes to planning laws go ahead, a report finds. UK news | Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor received private income from subletting three cottages on his Windsor Royal Lodge estate while paying a “peppercorn rent” to the crown estate, a report into royal property arrangements has revealed. In depth: ‘This is not a ceasefire. It’s a never-ending auction over our lives and our blood’ As the week draws to a close, Donald Trump has insisted once again Iran is “pretty close” to signing a peace agreement with the US, which would see the strait of Hormuz, the narrow maritime passage through which about 20% of the world’s oil and liquefied natural gas passes, reopen. But many would be forgiven for thinking it doesn’t feel like peace is coming. This week saw Israel make its deepest incursion into Lebanon in more than 26 years, with Israeli strikes killing at least nine people, and hundreds of thousands forced to flee their homes in the south of the country. The strikes complicated diplomatic efforts between Washington and Tehran. On Thursday, the Israeli defence minister, Israel Katz, said the military will continue its ground operations there, just hours after Israel and Lebanon agreed to implement a US-backed ceasefire to end hostilities. Later the leader of Hezbollah rejected the ceasefire too, demanding a complete Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon. It’s a territorial escalation for sure, says Emma, which has delighted far-right elements in Netanyahu’s coalition government, who have called for the annexation of southern Lebanon, as well as Gaza and the West Bank. But while Trump is scaling back, aware of the war’s unpopularity domestically and the impact of rising inflation and oil prices, analysts inside Israel believe Netanyahu is now seeking to broaden the conflict for his own strategic ends. *** Does Israel desire a broader conflict? “This war began looking incredibly impressive for the US and Israel,” Emma tells me – but in her view, the totally predictable blocking of the strait of Hormuz has stalled it – leaving little indication of what success might look like. Emma says: “Many Israelis believe the election will be a test of whether Netanyahu can convince voters that he has achieved security gains since 7 October 2023, [when Hamas killed 1,200 Israelis and injured many more] that outweigh the failings that left so many Israelis vulnerable to Hamas attacks on that day.” Since the start of the war in Iran, thousands of Israelis have been injured and 23 have been killed in missile strikes from Iran and Lebanon, figures up to April from Israel’s ambulance service say. Even at the start of the war, Emma wrote about how senior Israeli defence figures believed it was wishful thinking that Israel and the US could achieve regime change in Iran. With that ostensible goal never likely to be achieved, whether Iran held on to its enriched uranium stores would be the true measure of whether the war was a success or failure. “Now the war is in stalemate, and the thing that was most critical for Israel, the nuclear proliferation programme, doesn’t seem to be on the table in negotiations. It looks very much like it’s going to be a failure,” says Emma. But what could be on Netanyahu’s mind are the upcoming elections in Israel’s Knesset, which my First Edition colleague Michael Segalov explained in great detail a few weeks ago. “In that context returning to war in Lebanon – and Gaza – is absolutely a political and electoral strategy,” she adds. *** An ongoing catastrophe in Gaza and global disinterest Despite a US-brokered “ceasefire” coming into force last October, Emma explains that over 900 people have been killed in Gaza by continued Israeli bombardment since then. And over one in 10 of the 2.3 million prewar population have been killed or injured since Israel began its war on Gaza, devastating the strip in what a UN commission has declared a genocide. Now those who remain are crammed on to a sliver of land along the coast, which we can see on the map above, while Israeli troops push back the agreed “yellow line” in order to seize even more territory. “Israel controls at least 60% of Gaza, which is now a wasteland. They’ve demolished almost everything in the area and almost no Palestinians can live there,” says Emma. “Part of the so-called ceasefire deal was supposed to be a lot more aid going in, but there still isn’t enough. There are severe shortages of clean water, medical supplies, food. A lot of people are still going hungry.” Israel, which has repeatedly weaponised access to food and other basic supplies, says sufficient aid reaches Gaza. Last summer a bar on food shipments caused a famine. “It’s an ongoing humanitarian catastrophe,” says Emma. “That’s in addition to the combat actions killing on average over 100 people each month, which in most parts of the world would be considered an active war zone.” Yet there is little interest from the White House, despite Trump’s well-rehearsed obsession with winning the Nobel peace prize. “[Special envoy] Steve Witkoff and [Trump’s son-in-law] Jared Kushner have reportedly been taken off Gaza to focus on Iran because its more of a priority for Trump. It’s unpopular at home, and has had a damaging effect on the cost of living in the US,” says Emma. EU leaders are expected to rebuke Netanyahu for his continued expansion in Gaza and Lebanon at a forthcoming Brussels summit but, says Emma, he has a long history of shaking off criticism, and the EU has yet to use any of its considerable economic and political leverage – it is Israel’s biggest trading partner. The situation in Gaza does not seem to be a priority for governments around the world which are more concerned about the impact of the war in Iran on higher oil prices and inflation. “We see plenty of condemnation but very little practical steps that mean an improvement for people in Gaza who are living in this terrible limbo.” *** Living day to day in Iran and Lebanon Indeed, people are living in limbo across the region, says Emma. “Undeniably many Iranians really hate their government – we saw that in January, then they came out in protest and were killed in very large numbers trying to get rid of it,” But that doesn’t mean they have faith that the war will bring about a better alternative. “Equally, they don’t believe – and history provides plenty of evidence for this – that liberation is going to come through a western bombing campaign.” Iranians need only recall the decades-long conflict and political turmoil prompted by the US-led coalition’s disastrous invasion of neighbouring Iraq. “If you’re in Tehran, particularly if you’re anti-government, you’ve probably lost friends in January, you’re living under some bombardment, which is pretty terrifying because there aren’t air raid shelters, and you’re staring down more war, or at the worst, collapse into a failed state,” says Emma. “You can see why people are very worried and very frightened.” Iranians have told the Guardian they feel abandoned by foreign powers, enduring the fallout out of the war, which has damaged an already faltering economy and strengthened the oppressive regime. “I feel humiliated,” Amir, a business owner from Mashhad, told one of our reporters recently. He had once desperately hoped for US intervention, but he now finds himself questioning that. “This is not a ceasefire. It’s a never-ending auction between the US and the Islamic Republic over our lives and our blood.” The situation is similar in Lebanon, Emma tells me. “Large sections of the population do not support Hezbollah. But Israel is bombing Beirut, occupying the south and demolishing whole villages, which Human Rights groups say should be investigated as war crimes; there’s no belief that this is going to bring them freedom or prosperity.” Alongside the immediate threat to personal safety, there’s the economic impact – which always hits women, minorities and poorer people the hardest – as well as the psychological drag of uncertainty. “In Lebanon, there’s the difficulty of planning summer visits for families when international travel shuts down. And obviously, hanging over them, are generational memories of the horrors of the civil war in the 80s, and the 2006 war with Israel.” *** Will elections bring about any meaningful change? With upcoming elections in the US and Israel, some may be tempted to look for a glimmer of hope in the months ahead. Emma fears that might be misplaced. Israel’s leading opposition contender does not seem to differ meaningfully from Netanyahu politically; meanwhile, it is hard to predict how Trump will react to the midterms – whether they offer humiliation or celebration for him. What is known is the impact on the people who have to live through this day to day, with a bag packed. Emma says that across Lebanon, Iran and Gaza, many people are asking the same question: why western democracies are allowing Israel to trample over international law that protects civilians. “And particularly when it comes to European countries, why they are so vocal and committed about holding Russia to account for targeting civilians and destruction of civilian infrastructure in Ukraine, but are almost silent about similar violations when they are the targets.” We want to hear from you Yesterday I was at the opening night of the Design and Disability exhibition at V&A Dundee, and I’d like to hear from you about your experiences of in/accessible spaces before I write about it next week. To get in touch hit reply or email first.edition@theguardian.com What else we’ve been reading From Argentina’s Messi to Cape Verde’s Laros Duarte, our sports desk have made an amazing guide to all 1,248 players at the 2026 World Cup. Patrick I‘m a huge admirer of Dave Grimstead, whose entirely volunteer-run cold case unit, takes the time and persistence to unravel the stories of lost and missing people and, crucially, to support their families too. Libby The one and only Alexis Petridis has reflected on 50 years of punk on the half century anniversary of the first ever Sex Pistols gig. Patrick This manifesto for an equal, sustainable world, from the likes of Thomas Pinketty and Cornelia Mohren, is an infusion of optimism. Libby And, as World Cup fever takes hold, Michael Hann ranks the top 20 songs about football. Patrick Sport Tennis | Poland’s Maja Chwalinska became the first qualifier to play in a French Open final after defeating the No 25 seed, Diana Shnaider. Cricket | Ollie Robinson admitted that just a few months ago he “thought I was never playing for England again” after he produced an extraordinary comeback performance on the first day of the Test summer. Football | Khaldoon al-Mubarak has revealed Pep Guardiola “quit 100 times” as Manchester City manager, with the chair comparing the empty threats to The Boy Who Cried Wolf, one of Aesop’s Fables. The front pages “Burnham: I won’t flinch from need to fix the broken social care system”, is the Guardian’s top story today. The Times has “Andrew cashed in with Windsor cottage sub-lets”, a story also featured by the Telegraph, which writes “Andrew cashed in with secret rent deals”, while the Mirror’s take is “What a cheek”. The Mail says “Beatrice and Eugenie have lived at Palaces rent-free for years”. Elsewhere, the FT has “AI revenues must surge 100-fold for SpaceX to achieve $1.78tn valuation”. The i Paper runs with “Revealed: King’s private concerns over Trump state visit to UK”, the Express says “Kate shares in mum’s joy” and Metro has “Fifa sucking fans dry”. Something for the weekend Our critics’ roundup of the best things to watch, read, play and listen to right now Film Savage House | ★★★☆☆ Black-belt performances from Claire Foy and Richard E Grant put some vim and vigour into this haranguingly one-note and unidirectional period romp of the raucously bewigged and be-poxed 18th century. It’s written and directed by American film-maker Peter Glanz, who gives us candlelit interiors like a knockoff Barry Lyndon, and periodic deafening orchestral stabs with a touch of Amadeus, as furious people in costume storm down corridors. Grant and Foy play Sir Chauncey and Lady Savage, who are living in a vast crumbling country estate. It’s all a bit strenuous but Foy and Grant are such class acts that they make this watchable. Peter Bradshaw Music Lizzo: Bitch | ★★☆☆☆ Bitch, Lizzo’s fifth album, lands at a deeply peculiar juncture in her career. Given that the public apparently don’t want her going rock, nor rapping in the style of her 2013 debut Lizzobangers, nor indeed making the kind of music they were buying in their millions three years ago, the question of what they actually do want has presumably hung heavy over its making. Lizzo hasn’t come up with a definitive answer. Bitch tries a bit of everything, this scatter-gun approach makes it a disjointed listen. There’s something oddly subdued about its tone and the lyrics often seem equivocal. What’s definitely lacking is a pop smash, the kind of thing that Lizzo once seemed to be able to write to order. Alexis Petridis TV Cape Fear | ★★★★★ Welcome to the latest screen incarnation of John D MacDonald’s taut psychological thriller, published in 1957 as The Executioners and now adapted for the third time under the title Cape Fear. Nick Antosca’s 10-part series matches our new sophistications and probes every single modern weakness, fear and pressure point. It is a wild ride. The new Cape Fear stars Amy Adams and Patrick Wilson as lawyers Anna and Tom Bowden and Javier Bardem having the absolute time of his life as Max Cady. It is a masterclass in tension, in taking things right to the edge of credulity and it never forgets the power of the jump scare. Lucy Mangan Books Wimmy Road Boyz by Sufiyaan Salam Sufiyaan Salam’s high-octane debut novel is written largely in gen Z lowercase – and you’re in for a ride. The Boyz are British Pakistani friends in their early 20s. The eponymous Wimmy Road reflects the deteriorating mood of the characters. Violence simmers, then overflows. Nothing about Wimmy Road Boyz is subtle: Salam lays his cards on the table. But despite the foreshadowing work, when he finally hits the brakes on the narrative, the effect is immediate, a raw shock. A literary performance like no other, this coming-of-age meets state-of-the-nation novel tears through Britain’s social fabric to examine toxic masculinity, community and youth culture. Sana Goyal Today in Focus: The Latest Is the Israel-Lebanon ceasefire over before it began? Israel and Lebanon have agreed to implement a ceasefire to end hostilities as the US attempts to overcome one of the largest barriers to reaching a broader deal to end the war with Iran. But the Israel-Lebanon ceasefire is dependent on a complete halt of fire from Hezbollah, and the evacuation of all its fighters in southern Lebanon. Lucy Hough speaks to Beirut-based reporter William Christou. Cartoon of the day | Ben Jennings The Upside A bit of good news to remind you that the world’s not all bad The Guardian’s Alternatives series has been brilliant at showing us all another way to live. This time, Chloé Farand is writing about an alternative to fossil fuel based fertilisers that are made using recycled urine. With swathes of the world’s chemical fertiliser supplies clogged up in the strait of Hormuz, VunaNexus, the Swiss startup behind the technology, is betting that this can be a solution in a fossil fuel-free world. Sign up here for a weekly roundup of The Upside, sent to you every Sunday Bored at work? And finally, the Guardian’s puzzles are here to keep you entertained throughout the day. Until tomorrow. Quick crossword Cryptic crossword Wordiply